网室内棉花不育系蜜蜂授粉试验研究

本研究在网室内利用蜜蜂为6个棉花不育系材料授粉，以人工授粉作为对照，研究蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉在农艺性状等指标上的差异。结果表明，蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉的单株结铃数和空果枝数有极显著差异；不同不育系的单株结铃数差异极显著，果枝数有显著差异。晋56-1A、晋56-3A、晋56-6A的单株结铃数在蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉间有显著性差异，晋56-2A和晋56-5A的单株结铃数在不同授粉方式下有极显著差异；晋56-4A和晋56-6A的空果枝数有极显著差异。室内考种表明，蜜蜂授粉的衣分范围为26.3%～39.6%，人工授粉的衣分为29.4%～35.3%，人工授粉衣分范围相对较小。人工授粉的单铃籽粒数、制种产量均比蜜蜂授粉大，铃重、籽指、发芽率相差不大。蜜蜂授粉制种产量达人工授粉的80%左右；而制种成本可节约50%以上。因此，选择强群势蜂群、适时有效的虫害管理等措施，可提高棉花不育系制种效率，对棉花“三系”的发展有重要的推动作用。     

Quantitative trait loci mapping for yield-related traits under low and high planting densities in maize (Zea mays)

Average maize yield per hectare has increased significantly because of the improvement in high-density tolerance, but little attention has been paid to the genetic mechanism of grain yield response to high planting density. Here, we used a population of 301 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross YE478 × 08–641 to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for 16 yield-related traits under two planting densities (57,000 and 114,000 plants per ha) across four environments. These yield-related traits responded differently to high-density stress. A total of 110 QTLs were observed for these traits: 33 QTLs only under low planting density, 50 QTLs under high planting density and 27 QTLs across both densities. Only two major QTLs, qCD6 and qWKEL2-2, were identified across low- and high-density treatments. Seven environmentally stable QTLs were also observed containing qED6, qWKEL3, qRN3-3, qRN7-2, qRN9-2 and qRN10 across both densities, as well as qRN9-1 under low density. In addition, 16 and eight pairs of loci with epistasis interaction (EPI) were detected under low and high planting densities, respectively. Additionally, nine and 17 loci showed QTL × environment interaction (QEI) under low- and high-density conditions, respectively. These interactions are of lesser importance than the main QTL effects. We also observed 26 pleiotropic QTL clusters, and the hotspot region 3.08 concentrated nine QTLs, suggesting its great importance for maize yield. These findings suggested that multiple minor QTLs, loci with EPI and QEI, pleiotropy and the complex network of “crosstalk” among them for yield-related traits were greatly influenced by plant density, which increases our understanding of the genetic mechanism of yield-related traits for high-density tolerance.     

基于RS与GIS的山东某煤矿区历史遗留损毁土地调查

我国地域辽阔，但可利用土地资源少，同时由于生产建设和自然灾害等，造成许多优质土地资源损毁。调查清楚土地损毁情况，采取针对性的土地复垦措施，在目前经济发展中显得尤为迫切。以山东某矿区为例，确定了历史遗留损毁土地的划定依据，利用RS与GIS等技术手段对矿区进行地表沉陷预计，用遥感影像提取土地利用变化情况，得到了历史遗留损毁土地的位置、面积和损毁类型等信息，为后期土地复垦与规划提供参考。      

Design and Experiment of Slave Computer Control System for Applying Variable-rate Liquid Fertilizer

In order to increase the applying rate of liquid fertilizer and reduce environmental pollution, a slave computer control system for applying variable-rate liquid fertilizer was designed. The system used SMC as core processor and electrically controlled pressure regulator as execution component. The characteristic equation of the system was obtained by using classical control theory. Results indicated that the characteristic equation met the requirements of routh-criterion, which indicated the working process of the system was stable. Performance of the slave computer was verified via bench tests. Results demonstrated that there was no significant influence on the response from interclass error. The fertilization error was less than 0.9, and the fertilization accuracy was larger than 97%. The liquid fertilizer emitted by the fertilizing devices had no significant difference in uniformity, which met the demands of the slave computer control system for applying variable-rate liquid fertilizer.     

栽培介质、pH值和氮形态对毛竹幼苗地上部分生长的影响

为进一步明确毛竹幼苗无土栽培的最佳条件,阐明毛竹N形态响应差异的影响因素,加快毛竹实生苗的培育.研究超纯水、砂和蛭石3种栽培介质,2 mM不同N形态(NH4+-N、NO3--N)以及3种pH值(3.8、5.8、7.8)处理对毛竹幼苗地上部的苗高、叶片数、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)及地上部生物量的影响.结果表明:在蛭石和水培时,毛竹生长表现出明显的喜铵性,并且在pH为3.8时生长最好;而砂培时,毛竹幼苗生长对NH4+-N和NO3--N以及pH的响应差异都不明显.相关性分析结果表明,对地上部生长的影响为:栽培介质>pH值>N形态.毛竹幼苗生长及对不同N形态的响应受外界环境条件影响,在蛭石中栽培,供应NH4+-N为主、pH值为3.8的营养液,其生长最好.研究结果可为毛竹幼苗的无土栽培和繁育提供理论参考.     

景泰绿洲3种小谷物的产草量与牧草营养成分预测

为了预测景泰绿洲春小麦(Triticum aestivum)、燕麦(Avena sativa)、黑麦(Secale cereale)的产草量和营养品质,通过田间试验,测得牧产草量、株高和分蘖,室内测定粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分和可溶性碳水化合物,分析各指标之间的相关性。结果表明,收获干草的3种小谷物分蘖和株高均与可溶性碳水化合物之外其它5个营养指标存在显著相关性(P0.05),模拟轮牧的春小麦和黑麦株高与营养指标均无相关性(P0.05),燕麦和黑麦的分蘖与6个营养指标均呈显著相关(P0.05)。建立了根据株高预测产草量和营养品质的模型、用分蘖预测牧草营养品质的模型、用产草量预测牧草营养品质的模型、用分蘖和产草量两个因子综合预测营养品质的模型。经过与实测值对比,各预测模型的准确性均较高。     

Selenium supplementation improves nutrient intake and digestibility,and mitigates CH4 emissions from sheep grazed on the mixed pasture of alfalfa and tall fescue

Low selenium (Se) in soil and forage can adversely affect on the quality of animal-derived foods, and hence on human health. Lambs grazed on mixed pastures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) were supplemented with five levels of Se [0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 µg/kg body weight (BW)]. The intake of dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) varied with the level of Se supplementation, with a peak at 6 µg Se per kg BW (p ≤ 0.05). Gross energy (GE) intake, digestive energy (DE) intake and metabolic energy (ME) intake were higher at 6 µg Se per kg BW than at other Se levels (p < 0.01); in addition, methane energy (CH₄-E) output was lower at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Supplementation with Se significantly increased nitrogen (N) intake, faecal N and urine N, for which the peak values were 20.2 g N/, 5.62 g N/day and 7.92 g N/day, respectively, at 6 µg Se per kg BW. Se intake, blood Se, faecal Se, urine Se and retained Se were negatively correlated with forage crude protein (CP) content (p < 0.001) but were positively correlated with the content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (p < 0.001) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) (p < 0.001). Thus, we recommend the addition of 6 µg Se per kg BW to sheep grazed on pastures in regions with low soil Se.     

鉴别H5亚型两种分支禽流感病毒双重实时荧光RT-PCR方法的建立及应用

为准确区分H5亚型禽流感病毒2.3.2.1分支和2.3.4.4分支的毒株,通过对GenBank和GISAID数据库中发表的以及本实验室保存的H5亚型禽流感病毒HA基因序列进行比对,设计1对特异性引物和2条探针,建立了区分H5亚型禽流感病毒不同分支毒株的实时荧光RT-PCR方法,并对该方法的反应体系和反应参数进行了优化,同时开展了特异性和敏感性试验,以及临床应用检测。结果显示:该方法具有良好的特异性,与其他亚型禽流感病毒及常见禽病病毒无交叉反应;对H5亚型禽流感病毒2.3.2.1分支和2.3.4.4分支毒株的检测灵敏度分别为495.0 copies/μL和22.3 copies/μL;100份临床家禽拭子禽流感病毒检测结果与常规RT-PCR和病毒分离检测结果一致,符合率为100%。结果表明,该方法特异、敏感、准确、耗时少,同时还可区分不同分支,可应用于H5亚型禽流感病毒的准确、快速检测。